Electrolyte energy powder

A carbohydrate-electrolyte drink powder is a composition problem before it is a flavour problem, and the numbers are fixed by what the destination market expects to see. Thovek builds this powder inside the window that Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 sets for carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions: 80-350 kcal per litre from carbohydrate, at least 75% of that energy from carbohydrate that induces a high glycaemic response, sodium between 20 and 50 mmol/L (460-1,150 mg/L), and osmolality between 200 and 330 mOsm/kg water. That is a compositional reference for formulators. Whether a finished pack carries any claim, and whether it qualifies to, remains the brand owner's responsibility in its own market. The carbohydrate base is dextrose monohydrate (CAS 14431-43-7) with maltodextrin at DE 10-20 (CAS 9050-36-6), dissolving at 6-8% w/v for a standard isotonic serve, which is 60-80 g of carbohydrate per litre. Sodium comes from sodium chloride (CAS 7647-14-5) and trisodium citrate dihydrate (CAS 6132-04-3, E331), the citrate carrying sodium without the salt bite while buffering the acidulant. Potassium is potassium chloride (CAS 7447-40-7) with potassium citrate, and magnesium is trimagnesium dicitrate anhydrous (CAS 3344-18-1, C12H10Mg3O14, MW 451.13) at about 16% magnesium. A reduced-osmolarity build to the WHO and UNICEF composition, that is 2.6 g sodium chloride, 2.9 g trisodium citrate dihydrate, 1.5 g potassium chloride and 13.5 g anhydrous glucose per litre giving 245 mOsm/L, is offered as a separate specification. Caffeine anhydrous (CAS 58-08-2), taurine and a B-vitamin premix of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6 and B12 go in where the brief calls for an energy positioning, with caffeine capped to the destination market's limit. Tartness comes from citric and malic acid, sweetness from sucralose (CAS 56038-13-2) or steviol glycosides, and flavour from spray-dried citrus, berry or lemon-lime systems on a maltodextrin carrier. The blend is hygroscopic, because citrates and chlorides pull moisture hard, so blending and filling run below 40% relative humidity and bulk material ships in foil laminate. The product is free of all major allergens, contains no dairy, egg, soy, fish, crustacean, gluten or nut material, and is fully vegan with no bovine, porcine, gelatin or marine input.