L-Lysine HCl (L-Lysine Monohydrochloride)

L-Lysine is one of the amino acids that the human body cannot synthesise and must obtain from the diet; it is a substrate for protein synthesis and is the first limiting amino acid in most cereal-based diets. Because the free base is strongly alkaline and hygroscopic, the commercial article of trade is the monohydrochloride salt, CAS 657-27-2, molecular formula C6H14N2O2·HCl, molecular weight 182.65. The salt carries approximately 80.0% L-lysine on a theoretical basis (146.19/182.65), which is why feed-grade material is normally declared at a minimum of 78.8% lysine. Thovek supplies material produced by submerged fermentation of plant-derived carbohydrate using Corynebacterium glutamicum, followed by ion-exchange recovery and crystallisation as the hydrochloride, so the product is of non-animal origin. Pharmacopoeial grade is offered against USP, Ph. Eur./BP, JP and FCC. The USP limits are an assay of 98.5-101.5% calculated on the dried basis, specific rotation +20.4° to +21.4°, chloride content 19.0-19.6%, loss on drying not more than 0.40%, residue on ignition not more than 0.10%, sulphate not more than 0.03% and iron not more than 30 ppm; the pH of a 1 in 10 aqueous solution runs 5.0 to 6.0. Every lot is released against identity by infrared absorption, assay by titration, specific rotation, related substances by chromatography, loss on drying, residue on ignition, elemental impurities to ICH Q3D/USP <232> and microbiological limits. A full certificate of analysis, safety data sheet, and non-GMO, allergen, BSE/TSE-free, halal and kosher statements accompany each shipment. The material is used in amino acid blends and sports nutrition powders, protein-fortified beverages and bars, tablet and capsule formulations, clinical and infant nutrition, cell-culture and fermentation media, and as a feed and aquafeed premix component. Its high water solubility makes it straightforward to dose into liquid systems, and it participates readily in Maillard browning, which is relevant when it is added before a thermal step. Export packing is in 25 kg net bags with an inner food-grade liner, palletised and shrink-wrapped for FCL or LCL despatch from Indian ports, with COO and phytosanitary or health certificates issued as required by the destination market.